See net realizable value.
See net realizable value.
A non-operating or “other” reduction in net income resulting from a judgment against the company. It is shown in the accounting period when the amount is determined to be probable and the amount can be...
A corporation with a limited number of stockholders and whose stock is usually not publicly traded.
This current liability account reports the amount a company owes the United Way organization as of the balance sheet date. The amount includes the withholdings from employees’ pay plus the amount owed by the...
One of the main financial statements of a nonprofit organization. This financial statement reports the amounts of assets, liabilities, and net assets as of a specified date. This financial statement is similar to the...
The temporary contra purchases account used in a periodic inventory system which represents the amounts of merchandise that were returned to suppliers and the amounts allowed as deductions by suppliers for goods not...
See first in, first out (FIFO).
The amount that a recurring equal amount deposited at the end of each period will grow to under compounded interest. An ordinary annuity is also known as an annuity in arrears.
This preferred stock feature assures the owner that any omitted dividends on this stock will be made up before the common stockholders will receive a dividend. Any omitted dividends on cumulative preferred stock are...
In the 1970’s the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) articulated three objectives of financial reporting. In summary, financial information should (1) be useful to investors and lenders, (2) be helpful in...
The first section of the statement of cash flows. To learn more, see Explanation of Cash Flow Statement.
needs permit A drawback of common stock is that the common stockholders are last in line to receive money if a corporation is dissolved. Common Stock is also the title of the general ledger account that is credited when...
Employer payroll taxes include an employer’s portion of Social Security and Medicare taxes and the state and federal unemployment taxes.
Under the accrual method of accounting, this account reports the amount of holiday pay, vacation pay, and sick day pay that the warehouse employees have earned during the accounting period indicated in the heading of the...
A management tool that identifies the critical path—the path of sequential activities requiring the longest time to complete.
Sorting and reporting expenses according to the type of activity for which the expense was incurred. The functional expense classifications for a nonprofit organization would be Program #1, Program #2, Management and...
Stock without a par value.
See current ratio.
A liability account with a credit balance associated with bonds payable that were issued at more than the face value or maturity value of the bonds. The premium on bonds payable is amortized to interest expense over the...
A publication by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to assist employers with federal payroll taxes. The complete title of the publication is Publication 15 (Circular E), Employer’s Tax Guide. It is available...
Rather than the previous year’s budget being the starting point for the next budget, a zero-based budget assumes no activities: everything in the budget must be justified.
The variable manufacturing costs other than direct materials and direct labor that have been assigned to the products manufactured via a predetermined rate. Ideally, by the end of the accounting year the amount applied...
A company’s balance sheet that shows each item’s amount after it has been divided by the amount of total assets. In other words, current assets will be shown as a percentage of total assets. This will allow...
A decision whether to make some products or equipment in-house versus purchasing the products or equipment from another company. As in any decision, one must compare the relevant costs and other opportunities. It is...
The issued shares of common stock minus the shares of treasury stock. The weighted average of the outstanding shares is used to compute the earnings per share.
A budget that continuously shows the amounts for a full year into the future. As a month or quarter actually occurs, it is removed from the budget and is replaced by the budgeted amounts for a month or quarter in the...
A cost associated with a batch of items, but not directly traceable to an individual item within the batch. For example, the cost to set up a machine to run a batch of 5,000 items is a batch-level cost. This cost must...
A restricted asset for the purpose of retiring a bond.
This is an owner’s equity account. The balance in this account reflects the owner’s investment in this sole proprietorship plus the net income and minus the owner’s draws since the company began. (The...
Federal government securities sold at a discount (because of no interest payments) with maturity dates of less than one year.
To learn more, see our Nonmanufacturing Overhead Outline.
See sum of the years’ digits method of depreciation.
A business organization different from a sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. As the name implies it provides the limited liability protection usually associated with a corporation. To learn more about this...
A formula that calculates the optimum quantity to be purchased (or produced) so as to minimize the combined total cost of carrying inventory and processing additional purchase orders (or production setups). The formula...
Usually involves a company’s customers remitting amounts to a bank account close to the customers in order for the company to have collected funds sooner. For example, a company with its headquarters in the...
See paid-in capital in excess of par value – preferred stock.
Retained earnings not available for dividends.
The sale, retirement, or exchange of property, plant and equipment.
An action by a nonprofit organization’s board of directors to earmark an asset for a specified purpose. Since this is not a donor-imposed restriction, the designated asset is classified and reported as part of...
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